<h3>Virtualization with Macrium Reflect — part 2</h3>
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
In the previous blog post in this series (<a
 href="/blog/virtualization-with-macrium-reflect-5a3ceff61a7f">Virtualization with Macrium
 Reflect — part 1</a>), we discussed the advantages of migrating servers into a Hyper-V environment and how this
 can be easily achieved with Macrium Reflect. This article will detail the necessary steps to migrate a physical
 server into a VMWare Environment.
<h4>Converting a physical server to a virtual server</h4>
The steps below will detail how to convert a physical server to a virtual server using VMware (ESXI-6.7.0) and
 Macrium Reflect.
To convert our Physical Servers to Virtual Servers, you need two things. The first thing you need is the Macrium
 Reflect Rescue Environment ISO (a bootable environment we can use to restore images). Before creating the Rescue
 Media, it is important that the VMWare drivers are added to the Rescue Media, so that it can communicate with the
 virtualized hardware. These drivers can be extracted from the relevant VMWare Tools, for your operating system, that
 can be downloaded <a
 href="https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/details?productId=742&amp;downloadGroup=VMTOOLS1032">here</a>.
Once the tools have been downloaded, use a third-party tool (such as 7-zip) to open the VMware-tools.exe
 archive and copy any .dll files to the C:\Boot\Macrium folder. Next the Rescue Media can be created,
 the article below contains details on how to do this:
<a href="/blog/the-macrium-rescue-environment-cca57a4ebc61">The Macrium Rescue Environment</a>
The second thing we need is an image of the physical server we are converting to a virtual server. It is advised that
 this image is stored in a network share, as this will make accessing the image from inside the Rescue Media easier.

<a href="/blog/first-steps-with-macrium-reflect-7-663177f1c4a3">First steps with Macrium
 Reflect 7</a>
Once you have both, you can begin converting your physical server to a virtual server. This post will be focusing on
 VMware, if you do not already have this configured, please follow the article below:
<a
 href="https://pubs.vmware.com/vsphere-51/topic/com.vmware.vsphere.solutions.doc/GUID-3B52FFD2-2A7E-45E7-BE2A-A35413220221.html">Configure
 the ESXi Host</a>
On the VMware Host, select ‘Create / Register VM’ and then ‘Create a new virtual machine’.
Below is a brief overview of the different options available in the New virtual machine wizard:
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Select a name and guest OS — The first set of options that are available to you allow you to select the name
 compatibility, guest operating system. In this example we will be using Windows Server 2016, therefore I will select
 Windows as the ‘Guest OS family’ and Microsoft Windows Server 2016 or later (64-bit) as the ‘Guest
 OS version’. Since we are using ESXi 6.7, I select ESXi 6.7 virtual machine for ‘Compatibility’ as
 this determines the ESXi host versions that virtual machine can run on, and the virtual hardware available to it.

<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Select Storage — The next page of the wizard allows you to select where the virtual machine will be stored,
 information about the storage locations that are available will be presented here.
Customize settings — This page of the wizard allows you to customise virtual hardware of the virtual machine. This
 includes the number of CPUs that will be assigned to the virtual machine, the amount of memory and size of the
 virtual hard disk the virtual machine will be using. These settings will vary depending on the purpose of the server
 that is being virtualized. In this example I will be using the default settings shown below:
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Ready to complete — The final page of the wizard will give you a detailed overview of the virtual machine that you
 are about to create. Once all settings have been double-checked, select ‘Finish’ to create your virtual machine.
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Now that the virtual machine is created, we can begin the process of converting our physical server into a
 virtual server.
Our Rescue Media iso will need to be uploaded to our datastore, this will make the ISO accessible to the virtual
 machines on our VMware host. First, navigate to ‘Storage’ and right-click on your datastore then select ‘Browse’.
 Next, select ‘Upload’ and navigate to where your Rescue Media ISO is located. Once you have uploaded your ISO, it
 will be added to the datastore.
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Now that our Rescue Media ISO is located in the datastore, go back to the ‘Virtual Machines’ management page and
 right-click on the virtual machine you just created, then select ‘Edit Settings’. Next to ‘CD/DVD Drive 1’, select
 ‘Datastore ISO file’, this will open an explorer window for your datastore. Select your Rescue Media ISO and then
 ‘Select’. Once you save the changes, you will be taken back to the virtual machine management page.
The virtual machine is not ready to be turned on. Right-click on the virtual machine and select ‘Power’ then ‘Power
 On’. You will be presented with a ‘Press any key to boot from CD or DVD’ screen. Press any button to boot into your
 Rescue Media ISO. By default, the virtual machine BIOS can be entered by pressing F2.
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
The next step is to select the image you have taken of your physical server, in this example, the image is stored in
 a network share. This can be done by navigating to the ‘Restore’ tab and selecting ‘Browse for an image file…’. You
 will then be able to ‘Map a Network Drive’ where the image is stored.
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Once the credentials have been entered, select ‘OK’, open the drive and select your image. Your image will then be
 shown in the ‘Restore’ tab, with details about the image, and the partitions that are included in the image. You are
 not able to restore your image to the virtual machine.
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Once you have selected the ‘Restore Image’ option, you are presented with the restore wizard. You can then select
 ‘Copy selected partitions’ or manually drag the partitions from the source to the destination. Once the partitions
 are on the destination disk, you can select ‘Restored Partition Properties’ to change the size and drive letter
 assignment for the partitions.
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Once you have finished editing your partitions, select ‘Next’. You will then be presented with a detailed ‘Restore
 Summary’ which shows the operations that will be undertaken when restoring your image. Once you have reviewed the
 summary, select ‘Finish’ to start your restore!
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Once the restore has completed, you now need to run Macrium ReDeploy. ReDeploy locates the relevant storage driver
 and injects it into the Windows Server Operating system, allowing it to boot. For more information about Macrium
 ReDeploy, please see the article linked below:
<a
 href="https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/KNOW72/Re-deploying+Windows+to+new+hardware+using+Macrium+ReDeploy">https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/KNOW72/Re-deploying+Windows+to+new+hardware+using+Macrium+ReDeploy</a>

<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Once ReDeploy has been run, you can eject the Rescue Media ISO and boot into your restored Server Operating System.

If you experience any issues booting into your Restored Server Operating System, boot back into the Rescue Media, and
 run ‘Fix Windows boot problems’, which will fix common issues that can prevent a restored image from booting. For
 more information about ‘Fix Windows boot problems’ and how to use it, please see <a
 href="https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/KNOW72/Fixing+Windows+boot+problems">this article</a>.
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
You now have a virtualized server!
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
You can download a 30-Day Trial of Macrium Reflect <a
 href="/products/home">Home</a>, <a
 href="/products/business/standalone/workstation">Workstation</a>, <a
 href="/products/business/standalone/server">Server</a>, <a
 href="/products/business/standalone/server-plus">Server Plus</a>, or <a
 href="/site-manager">Site Manager</a>.

Virtualization with Macrium Reflect — part 2In the previous blog post in this

Virtualization with Macrium Reflect — part 2

<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>This was an exchange in the forum discussing the robustness of Macrium image files, edited somewhat for clarity.Original post at <a href="https://forum.macrium.com/Topic24929.aspx">https://forum.macrium.com/Topic24929.aspx</a><h3>Are Reflect backup files robust? Why isn’t error correction used?</h3>Macrium backup files have very effective error detection but don’t contain any error correction capability.This is a pragmatic design decision both for Macrium backup files and most file systems (NTFS neither corrects or detects sector errors). The most effective place to detect and correct errors is as close as possible to the underlying storage medium. Surface errors tend to occur in bursts and to avoid a burst exceeding the maximum bit errors that the error correction scheme can resolve, a sector’s data is interleaved with other sectors. This inverleaving can only be effectively achieved by the disk firmware as the locality of data is abstracted away by the firmware. Communication protocols such as ADSL and DVB also use interleaving to overcome error busts.We have carried out a design study on using RS coding to increase the robustness of Macrium files. However, it turns out that disk firmware error correction is so effective that typically, once that error correction fails for a sector, it is close to general failure or a significant proportion of the disk becomes unreadable; in other words, when a disk starts to fail, there a very significant probability that the whole backup file or a large proportion will be lost. Further, as previously noted, the lack of storage locality outside the device severely reduces the effectiveness of any OS or application level error correction. In summary, adding error correction would make backups and restores more CPU intensive and the files larger while only gaining an illusory improvement in robustness.<h3>How many uncorrected bit errors can a backup file experience before its data is inaccessible.</h3>The vast majority of a backup file contains the data from the backed-up system. A bit error in that part of the file will only impact that part of the restored data. A bit error in the file meta-data can be more general however.<h3>Would not using compression at backup time reduce the risk?</h3>The use of compression may actually reduce the risk as, by reducing the number of sectors used in the storage of the file, you are reducing the chance of any one of those sectors failing. The file is segmented such that a bit error only has an effect on a single unit of data, not the whole file. Further, though compression would increase the impact of a single bit error, due to the effect of disk firmware error correction, you never get a single bit error; either the errors are corrected or the whole sector (or sector group) is unreadable.<h3>What about splitting the backup file across multiple devices?</h3>This would result in a real improvement in robustness against data loss. However, it also represents an inflexible and limited re-invention of RAID. Using a fully fledged RAID implementation (inc. software solutions such as Storage Spaces) would be a more effective way forward.<h3>TL:DR</h3>Implementing error correction for Macrium backup files is ineffective because it is too distant from the underlying storage medium.The most effective method to protect your backup files is replication on more than one device, or better, more than one location. Error detection is still vital to provide the alert to switch to the alternative backup location.You can download a 30-Day Trial of Macrium Reflect <a href="https://www.macrium.com/products/home?x-ca=blog">Home</a>, <a href="https://www.macrium.com/products/business/standalone/workstation?x-ca=blog">Workstation</a>, <a href="https://www.macrium.com/products/business/standalone/server?x-ca=blog">Server</a>, <a href="https://www.macrium.com/products/business/standalone/server-plus?x-ca=blog">Server Plus</a>, or <a href="https://www.macrium.com/site-manager?x-ca=blog">Site Manager</a>.

This was an exchange in the forum discussing the robustness of Macrium image

How robust is a Reflect backup file? Can it be improved?

<h3>Virtualization with Macrium Reflect — part 1</h3>
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Virtualization is a powerful tool to facilitate an organisation’s growth. Virtualization allows a business to more
 efficiently utilise their existing hardware, reducing operational costs and increasing IT flexibility.
The first important step is to consider the advantages of migrating from physical to virtualized servers, and the
 implications this can have for your business:
Hardware Utilisation — One of the issues encountered using physical servers in a business is the inefficient usage of
 hardware resources. Research suggests on average a server will use between 5 and 15 percent of hardware resources
 (CPU, Memory, Etc). When a business is using several physical servers, this under-utilised hardware becomes a
 serious expense. With virtualization, several servers can be run on a single physical server, reducing the amount of
 hardware resources you will need, whilst efficiently utilising the available hardware.
Centralized management — The next problem to consider with physical hardware is physical location. These servers may
 potentially be in several locations around the business. If one of the servers loses network connectivity, you have
 no choice but to go to the location of that server and troubleshoot it. With virtual servers, many servers can be
 managed from one location where the infrastructure is already configured
Lower power usage — Power consumption is an expense for any business, the less physical servers, the less power
 consumed.
However, this creates the issue of how to migrate your existing physical servers to a virtualized environment. This
 article details how this can be easily and quickly achieved using Macrium Reflect.
<h4>Converting a physical server to a virtual server</h4>
The steps below will detail how to convert a physical server to a virtual server using Microsoft Hyper-V and
 Macrium Reflect.
To convert our Physical Servers to Virtual Servers, you need two things. The first thing you need is the Macrium
 Reflect Rescue Environment ISO (a bootable environment we can use to restore images), steps on how to create this
 can be found in the following blog post:
<a
 href="/blog/the-macrium-rescue-environment-cca57a4ebc61">The Macrium Rescue Environment</a>

The second thing you need is an image of the physical server you want to convert to a virtual server. It is advised
 that this image is stored in a network share, as this will make accessing the image from inside the Rescue
 Media easier.
<a
 href="/blog/first-steps-with-macrium-reflect-7-663177f1c4a3">First Steps With Macrium Reflect 7</a>

Once you have both, you can begin converting your physical server to a virtual server. This post will be focusing on
 Microsoft Hyper-V. If you do not already have this configured, please follow this Microsoft guide.
<a
 href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/hyper-v-on-windows-server">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/hyper-v-on-windows-server</a>

On the ‘Hyper-V Server’, select ‘New’ and then ‘Virtual Machine…’ within Hyper-V Manager.
Below is a brief overview of the different options available:
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Specify Name and Location — The first set of options you are presented with is to customise the name
 of the virtual machine and where the virtual machine will be stored. It is advised that a folder is created in a
 convenient location where all the virtual machines can be stored. This will make management of the virtual machines
 easier in the future.
Specify Generation — This page of the wizard allows you to specify the generation of the virtual
 machine you will be creating. Which generation you select will depend on the OS you are intending to install and
 whether it has a 32bit or 64bit architecture.
For virtual machines that are using an MBR boot disk, ensure that Gen 1 is selected. For virtual machines that are
 using a GPT boot disk, ensure that Gen 2 is selected. If the operating system you are intending to run is 32bit,
 ensure the virtual machine is gen 1 and a MBR boot disk is used.
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Assign Memory — You now have the option to configure how much memory will be assigned to the virtual
 machine. It is important to consider several factors: how much physical memory the host server has, how many virtual
 machines will be stored on the server and the role the server will be performing. Consult your server OS/application
 documentation for further details on memory requirements.
Configure Networking — Next you will specify which network adapter the virtual machine will use,
 if any.
Connect Virtual Hard Disk — Now you will specify a virtual hard disk (VHD) that the virtual machine
 will use. You can select an existing VHD or create a new one. It is important to ensure that the disk you
 select/create has enough storage for the role the server will be performing. Again, consult your server
 OS/application documentation for further details on storage requirements.
Installation Options — The final page of the wizard is where you specify installation options. Since
 we are booting to the Macrium Reflect Rescue Environment, select ‘Browse…’ and navigate to where your Rescue Media
 is stored.
You can now select ‘Start’ on the virtual. This will boot your virtual machine into the rescue environment.
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
The next step is to select the image you have taken of your physical server, in this example, the image is stored in
 a network share. This can be done by navigating to the ‘Restore’ tab and select ‘Browse for an image file…’. You
 will then be able to ‘Map a Network Drive’ where the image is stored.
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Once the credentials have been entered, select ‘OK’, open the drive an select your image. Your image will then be
 shown in the ‘Restore’ tab, with details about the image, and the partitions that are included in the image. You are
 now able to restore your image to the virtual machine.
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Once you have selected the ‘Restore Image’ option, you are presented with the restore wizard. You can then select
 ‘Copy selected partitions’ or manually drag the partitions from the source to the destination. Once the partitions
 are on the destination disk, you can select ‘Restored Partition Properties to change the size and drive letter
 assignment for the partitions.
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Once you have finished editing your partitions, select ‘Next’. You will then be presented with a detailed ‘Restore
 Summary’ which shows the operations that will be undertaken when restoring your image. Once you have reviewed the
 summary, select ‘Finish’ to start your restore!
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Once the restore has completed, you now need to run Macrium ReDeploy. ReDeploy locates the relevant storage driver
 and inject it into the Windows Operating system, allowing it to boot. For more information about Macrium ReDeploy,
 please see the article linked below:
<a
 href="https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/KNOW72/Re-deploying+Windows+to+new+hardware+using+Macrium+ReDeploy">https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/KNOW72/Re-deploying+Windows+to+new+hardware+using+Macrium+ReDeploy</a>

<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
Once ReDeploy has been run, you can eject the Rescue Media ISO and boot into your restored Server Operating System.

<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>
You now have a virtualized server!
<a href="/blog/virtualization-with-macrium-reflect-part-2-3ce4df3b2e51">In Part 2 of this series we discuss how to
 migrate a physical server to VMWare.</a>
You can download a 30-Day Trial of Macrium Reflect <a href="/products/business/standalone/server">Server</a> and <a
 href="/products/business/standalone/server-plus">Server Plus</a>.

Virtualization with Macrium Reflect — part 1Virtualization is a powerful tool

Virtualization with Macrium Reflect

# Planning your backups

Some thoughts on choosing a backup plan when considering offline storage constraints.

The key to the well regarded 3–2–1 backup strategy is the diversity of backup media and location.

*   3 copies of your data
*   2 local copies on different storage types
*   1 backup off-site

We have [written in general about this here](/blog/how-many-backups-are-needed-to-secure-business-continuity-and-data-availability-268d23ce8bea).

Typically, you will choose to transmit your backup files to offline / cloud storage over a network. However, even though a decent uplink bandwidth is available at a much more reasonable cost than a few years ago, it is still usually low enough that transmitting a full image backup can take a significant time. Also, WAN connections are often asymmetric with the uplink being up to an order of magnitude lower than the download. One hybrid option to overcome this is to send the full by post and only transmit the delta (inc/diff) backups via the network (see [https://aws.amazon.com/snowball/](https://aws.amazon.com/snowball/) for a commercial example).

Commercial offsite / cloud storage solutions typically carry a storage size per month charge. This can be considerable for multi-GB image backups.

Reflect offers several predefined backup templates. They have different characteristics that make each most suitable to different overall backup strategies.

### Full only

Each file contains the entire backup. Each backup point is time-consuming to generate and takes a lot of storage.

Use only if you require each backup file to be self-contained. This might be appropriate for tape archives or write once media.

It is inappropriate when using a remote network sync unless you are not limited by your uplink bandwidth and your offsite storage quota.

### Incremental / Incrementals forever

A full is required to seed the backup chain, but all subsequent backups just contain changes since the last incremental. This is the most efficient plan in terms of backup speed and storage space.

However, backups in a chain can only be deleted backwards in time from the most recent. To enable only the most recent backups to be retained, instead of just deleting the unwanted older incremental files, the data from the incremental backups to be discarded are consolidated into the oldest incremental to be retained.

If the Create synthetic full option is set, the behaviour changes; the data from the discarded inc. backups are merged into the full backup.

Read more about the impact the [two options on synchronisation here](https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/KNOW72/Backup+Folder+Synchronization).

The Synthetic full option is inappropriate when using a remote network sync unless you are not limited by your uplink bandwidth as you will need to upload the new synthetic full after each backup point.

Incremental backups may not be appropriate for tape archives or write-once media.

If the backup files are spread across multiple tapes / disks then a restore may be difficult as all the backup files in the chain will need to be located.

If consolidation is invoked, the files that have been updated/merged will need updating on the archive media.

### Differential

A full is required to seed the backup chain, but subsequent backups contain all the changes since the full backup. The differential backup size will typically increase in time.

The payback for the slowly increasing size of the differential backup files is each backup point is represented entirely by a single differential and its parent full backup.

This backup scheme lends itself well to a remote network sync (especially if bandwidth is low and posting the full is an option). As the size of the differential backups will increase over time, there is a point where it is more efficient to create and upload a full backup.

### Grandfather, Father, Son

This is a hybrid of the above schemes with scheduled full, differential and incremental backups (once a month, week and day respectively by default).

If the parameters are chosen well, it will work well for offsite synchronisation. As you have 3 concurrent backup chains, you can choose to store just the full (and diff) backups on tape media for archival purposes.

### General notes:

Incremental backup files are typically small. However, a defrag may result in a large incremental if the volume had been significantly fragmented.

Syncing consolidated incremental files (and a synthetic full if enabled) over the network can be achieved efficiently using a protocol such as rsync that only copies changes.

Reflect uses a mechanism that ensures that during a consolidation any interruption in the process will not result in a corrupt backup chain. However, this cannot be guaranteed during a remote sync.

You can read more about [Creating and Editing a Backup Plan here](https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/KNOW72/Scheduling+backups).

You can download a 30-Day Trial of Macrium Reflect [Home](/products/home), [Workstation](/products/business/standalone/workstation), [Server](/products/business/standalone/server), [Server Plus](/products/business/standalone/server-plus), or [Site Manager](/site-manager).

planning-your-backups.jpg

Some thoughts on choosing a backup plan when considering offline storage

Planning your backups

<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>What is the Macrium MSP programme?To allow us to adapt to the way you sell your services, we are happy to introduce metered billing for Managed Service Providers. The tools and pricing are optimised for partners who wish to manage the backup of PCs and Servers on a customer’s site. You will be able to manage licenses by usage, using Metered License Keys, rather than purchasing a license per PC.To have access, you need to be a Macrium Valued Partner (MVP). If you are an existing partner, make sure you have the current version of the Macrium Partner portal. If you are new, then register to have access to the Macrium Partner Portal.The program is open to new and existing partners in territories that are covered by a distribution partner. Check with partners@macrium.com to find out if your country is included.How does it work?<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>As a partner, you will have access to the MSP Portal, and you will be able to generate Metered License Keys for use in deploying agents to PCs and servers. When registered as an MSP, the Metered License keys — for use in Macrium Site Manager (7 or later) — will be available on the partner portal. Once you have logged onto the partner portal, select MSP Portal and click Add License, and submitting the Site name where the key will be used.<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>The key can then be added to Macrium Site Manager 7 and allow the deployment of agents on a per-site basis. For Workstation and Server licenses, only one Metered Key per site is needed. There is a single Metered License key for both Server and Workstation MAL agents. Each Site requires an individual Metered License key.<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>Once the Metered License keys are added to a Site Manager instance, they then register with the Macrium Licensing database. It is mandatory that the Site Manager installation has internet access otherwise the keys will disable automatically. You only pay as you use the license.You can also self-generate a MultiSite Azure sub-domain on the Partner Portal, to be able to manage and monitor your different Site Manager installations easily.<h4>What function does the MultiSite Manager perform?</h4>MultiSite Manager provides central monitoring and access to the different Site Manager instances from a central point and location. It facilitates the administration of the backups for MSPs. To get access to a MultiSite domain, select MultiSite link and enter a subdomain that you want to use eg. if you enter “your domain” it will generate the following name https://yourdomain.msmacrium.com for your Multisite Domain.Billing and reportsYou will receive an invoice from your local Aggregator for the number Agents deployed across your different customers in the previous month. If you are unsure who you local aggregator is you can contact Macrium.On the last day of the calendar month, a report will be generated from each Site Manager instance that details the type of agents used and the maximum number of agents deployed in the previous month.This report is known as the Deployed Agents Report, and you will find details of the number of sites and agents deployed. A copy of this will be available on the partner portal.<h3>Benefits:</h3><h4>Financial Solutions</h4><ul><li>This new licensing model allows you more flexibility on your business cash flows and sales compensation packages.</li><li>With this billing method, thereby ensure higher profit margins.</li><li>Monthly billing</li><li>Pay for usage-based on the number of deployed agents</li><li>Includes the great billing and reporting service provided by our Distribution partners</li></ul><h4>Change the selling strategy</h4><ul><li>You change the strategy to approach to your clients.</li><li>You can offer a different package of services and products. Simplifies the bundling of Macrium Reflect backup solutions with other MSP offerings</li><li>Helps you in the management of clients’ licenses requirements.</li><li>You have the flexibility to offer Macrium Licenses</li><li>The reports give you the possibility to add a personalized service to the product</li><li>You can have data to standardise the products and services.</li></ul><h4>Automate Processes</h4><ul><li>You can have under control all your client-related issues and get backup reports.</li><li>Cloud-based management tool allows access from anywhere</li><li>Ensure better backups performance.</li><li>Monitoring of data backups, scheduling backups and creating alerts before they cause crises or critical system failure.</li><li>Help your customers to recover information in the end-points.</li></ul><h4>Give better service to your customers</h4><ul><li>You can reach new clients and provide better service.</li><li>Helps to do technical support and post-sale services, improving the user experience.</li><li>Get better customer loyalty and satisfaction.</li><li>Premium 24x7 support is built into the model for MSPs</li></ul>Find more information in <a href="https://www.macrium.com/msp">https://www.macrium.com/msp</a>

What is the Macrium MSP programme?To allow us to adapt to the way you sell your

Metered billing for Managed Service Providers

Dashboards to control all your backups<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /><figcaption>Macrium Central Management Consoles</figcaption></figure>Macrium has two different consoles, Macrium Site Manager and Macrium MultiSite.<h3>Macrium Site Manager:</h3>Macrium Site Manager is our central management console for endpoint backup of your site. This tool is ideal for IT Administrators who need to see their backup status at a glance, along with easy problem identification and resolution. It allows you to define what needs to be backed up, assign schedules and retention policies, and manage backup repositories. It includes comprehensive event management, alerts and security logging and it is accessible through a browser-based user interface. The architecture leverages commonly used Microsoft Windows technologies and requires no specialist skills to install and configure.Benefits:In this console, you can see and manage all the workstations with licenses. Easily define repositories, what to backup, scheduling, and retention policies for fast backups. Site Manager allows simple remote restoration; and includes of a full suite of event logs, security events and the ability to forecast storage load and performance.<ul><li>Fully configurable Dashboard.</li><li>Customizable alerts and integrations.</li><li>Administrators can quickly view, browse and search for the computers on the network.</li><li>It allows administrators to intuitively define schedules for backups and decide how much data they wish to retain.</li><li>Administrators can centrally manage legacy Macrium Reflect and new Macrium Agent Licenses for all endpoints on the network.</li></ul>Last updates:<ul><li>Updated Agent to use Reflect 7.2 technology including updated CBT drivers</li><li>WinRE based restore environment</li><li>Added CSV export to license and event log pages</li><li>Added clear event log facility</li><li>Added Azure repository type</li><li>Added default install credentials for remote Agent install to settings</li></ul><h3>Macrium MultiSite:</h3>Macrium MultiSite extends the coverage of Site Manager. This platform is a cloud-based solution that will monitor and manage many Macrium Site Manager instances. You can see everything at a glance, with rolled-up reporting, alerts, and an easy to use backup management tool.Benefits:It is very simple and quick to directly connect to a Site Manager instance from within the MultiSite console enabling a single point of administration and reporting for all your Site Manager installations. There is no limitation in the number of installations that you can control with MultiSite.The MultiSite dashboard makes it easier to spot alerts of backups which are failing and see a summary of information.<ul><li>All your Site Manager installations, servers and workstations visible from one central console.</li><li>Easy to scale.</li><li>Configure alerts as needed and schedule your backups.</li><li>A customizable dashboard to highlight the processes you need to monitor.</li><li>Visualised data in real time.</li><li>Detailed snapshot and checkpoint tracking and reporting.</li><li>Find problems fast and shorten the time between problem discovery and recovery.</li></ul>Last updates:<ul><li>New design — updated in October 2018</li><li>Updated Feedback System</li></ul>Contact us <a href="https://www.macrium.com/contact">for more information</a>, <a href="https://www.macrium.com/multisite">for a demonstration</a>, or <a href="https://www.macrium.com/site-manager">download a trial</a>.

Dashboards to control all your backupsMacrium Central Management

The Macrium Central Management Consoles

<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /><figcaption>Is it bad?</figcaption></figure>Typically a CRC error is reported when performing an image backup, or when performing a chkdsk surface scan.Hard drives are extraordinary devices rapidly returning vast quantities of uncorrupted data while relying on quantum magnetic effects to interrogate the magnetic state of vanishingly tiny areas of magnetic surface. It also requires great mechanical precision to locate the read head. All this is achieved in an environment exposed to vibration and varying temperatures.Errors are a natural consequence and the design of a modern disk accounts for this with error correction, retries and remapping to reduce the uncorrected bit error rate around 1014 or higher for enterprise disks. Note, this error rate rises rapidly for failing disks.Disks are segmented into blocks of data typically called ‘sectors’. Data can only be read or written as a sequence of complete sectors. Each sector consists of the data itself plus additional data to aid with location, error detection and error correction.Error correction uses a mathematical technique to add a measure of redundancy to the data during writing enabling both the detection and correction of a limited number of bit errors during a subsequent read. The disk firmware silently corrects detected errors when a read is requested by the operating system. In the case of repeated errors, the disk firmware will move (or remap) the sector to a different area of the disk reserved for this use.This correction and remapping is normally invisible to the operating system*. However, when there are too many bit errors in a sector to correct, the disk reports a CRC error back to the operating system. The name CRC error is slightly misleading; the event is actually an uncorrectable error event.CRC errors are rare and by default causes a Reflect backup or clone to abort as it indicates that the data in the backup has a known error. However, in many cases, as long as the error rate is low and doesn’t cause corruption to critical filesystem metadata, the backup will still be fine. There is an option to continue on errors.In daily operation, only a tiny portion of the data on a disk is read. An image backup, by definition reads the all the data stored on a disk and typically is the first time that the errors are revealed. For this reason, CRC errors are often, incorrectly, attributed to the operation of a Reflect backup.To finally answer the question raised by the title: It is not good news but data loss may be minimal, at least in the short term. CRC errors, especially if the number is significant and increasing, are a sign of a failing disk. Follow the instructions in the linked KB to backup a disk with bad sectors and then consider arranging a replacement. As always, double check that your backups are in good shape.<blockquote>Note: Though magnetic disks are the primary target of the article, the concepts equally apply to SSDs with the caveat that an atom of SSD storage is called a page and pages ‘wear’, only being capable of a finite number of erase cycles. In this case the number of reserved pages is key to the ultimate lifetime of the device. When there are no reserved pages remaining, the SSD switches to read only operation.</blockquote>*The number of raw (soft) error events, retry reallocation events can be read via the SMART mechanism.Links:<a href="https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/KNOW72/Imaging+disks+with+bad+sectors">https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/KNOW72/Imaging+disks+with+bad+sectors</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_sector">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_sector</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T</a>.<a href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20130711-00/?p=3833">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20130711-00/?p=3833</a>

Is it bad?Typically a CRC error is reported when performing an image backup, or

What causes a CRC error?

# The Macrium Rescue Environment

If you lose your Windows operating system or need to restore your system, you can start your PC using Macrium Reflect rescue media on CD, DVD, or USB stick. This makes creating rescue media the first thing you need to do with Macrium Reflect. It contains a bootable, lightweight version of Windows and a full version of Macrium Reflect.

This lightweight, non-persistent, version of Windows is called the Windows Preinstallation Environment (also known as Windows PE or WinPE). A variant of this to enable Windows system recovery is called the Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) typically supplied with Windows 7 and later operating systems. For Windows XP, Vista and systems without WinRE, Reflect will download the Windows Pre-installation directly from Microsoft.

You have the option of restoring to a new system or virtual machine using Macrium ReDeploy to reconfigure your Windows installation for the new hardware.

#### Windows PE hardware support

The Macrium Rescue Environment needs to include support for your hardware such as USB ports, network interfaces, and in particular for your storage device if, for example, you use RAID disks. The default Windows PE environment supports a good selection of hardware, and you can add support for further devices.

When Macrium Reflect creates a rescue CD or USB, it analyses your system hardware and tries to locate drivers for unsupported devices by looking on your system. If it can’t find appropriate drivers, Macrium Reflect prompts you to provide drivers. You can provide drivers by finding driver packages on the local hard drive, looking for driver CDs supplied with the system, or downloading drivers from the web. After you provide these additional drivers, Macrium Reflect adds them to the Windows PE environment.

#### CD, DVD and USB rescue media

You can boot your computer into Windows PE from a CD, DVD, USB stick or USB attached external hard disk. For convenience or automated restores to your system disk, you can add Windows PE to a boot menu that’s displayed when your system first starts. Although, do not rely upon this local copy as a rescue mechanism because it could be lost if you suffered hard disk failure or corruption leaving you without a method for rescuing your system.

Macrium Reflect creates custom Windows PE systems for each installation type by downloading the required components from Microsoft.

#### Improved in version 7.2

One of the updated features in Macrium Reflect 7.2 is the new Rescue Media Builder that includes the option for Windows RE. Selecting WinRE avoids the large download from Microsoft and also offers WiFi support (support absent in WinPE).

We have added a Rescue Media Builder (RMBuilder) application with support for Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) as well as the existing PE environments supported by Reflect 7.1 and earlier. WinRE supports WiFi and is available on most Windows installs without any further downloads.

_What happened before?_\- When you boot into WinPE some devices connected via WiFi will not work as WinPE does not support drivers for them.

_What’s new?_\- WinRE supports wifi networks so you will be able to access your backups even if a wifi connection to your storage is your only choice.

### How to create boot media

The _Macrium Rescue Media Builder_ provides a simple interface to allow for quick rescue media generation by selecting where the rescue media will be generated and then clicking a **‘Build’** button.

All options for the rescue media will be suitably defaulted based on existing rescue media builds and a scan of the operating system environment.

*   Choose a rescue media target under **‘Select Device’**
*   Click **‘Build’**

More details here: [https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/KNOW72/Creating+rescue+media](https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/KNOW72/Creating+rescue+media)

Download a 30-day Trial of Macrium Reflect for [Home](https://www.macrium.com/products/home) or [Business](https://www.macrium.com/products/business/standalone/workstation) use.

20190226-the-macrium-rescue-environment.jpg

If you lose your Windows operating system or need to restore your system, you

The Macrium Rescue Environment

<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>Site Manager can automatically synchronize all backups stored in a Repository to a remote server or disk on a daily basis. This can be used to efficiently ensure that offsite replication of backup data is performed. Site Manager will manage storing backups on the server and ensure that the synchronization process has a consistent view of the Repository. The synchronization process will also manage failed and partially uploaded files and ensure the remote copy of the Repository is always in a consistent state.This feature can be accessed through the Repository page and is configured on a per-Repository basis:<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure><h3>Configuring Remote Synchronization</h3>Viewing a repository and selecting the Synchronization tab will either display information on the remote synchronization configuration or offer the option of creating a new remote synchronization. Clicking Setup Sync will display the Synchronization Setup wizard. The steps of this wizard are described below:<h4>Stage 1 — Synchronization Type</h4>In the first stage of configuration, the type of remote sync is chosen. The types available are Windows Network Share, Local Path and SFTP.<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>Windows Network Share — Synchronization to any remote server which can communicate as a SMB/CIFS share of the form \\servername\shareLocal Path — Synchronization with any file path local to the Site Manager server. This might be a folder, a local USB disk or any other path which can be read and written to as a folderSFTP — Synchronization to a server running SFTP (such as a Linux server running OpenSSH)<h4>Stage 2 — Network/Local/Server Path</h4>The second stage of configuration includes all the options specific to configuration type. This includes the path to the remote server or folder and any authentication details. The different remote synchronization types need the following details:<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure><figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure><figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>Windows Network Share — Network share path in UNC format (\\server\share\folder, backslash separated), username, password and domain. If a domain is entered as part of the username (in DOMAIN\User or user@domain.dns form), the domain field is disabled.Local Path — Local path in Windows path format (Backslash separated) with optional username, password and domain. If these are omitted, the path is accessed using the SYSTEM account of the Site Manager server.SFTP — Path the the SFTP server in URI format (sftp://example.com/home/backups/macrium, omitting the leading sftp:// and using forward slash separators), username and password for the remote server.<blockquote>NB: When configuring an SFTP server, include the full path to the folder to sync to in the server path, NOT the path relative to the user’s home folder. For example, when connecting to a server as user, to sync to the user’s home folder the full path must be specified e.g. example.com/home/user/macrium not example.com/macrium</blockquote><h4>Stage 3 — Configuration</h4>The final stage configures options which apply to all synchronization types. The options are as follows:<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>Custom Name — The custom name is shown in the UI to identify the sync. If left blank, the server/local path of the sync will be used insteadFolder Name — The folder name set here will be created on the server/remote path to store the synchronized backups<blockquote>NB: The path configured as part of the network or server path must exist on the remote server or the sync process will generate an error, however Site Manager will create the folder set as the Folder Name if it does not already exist.</blockquote><blockquote>For example, if remote sync is configured with a server of sftp://192.168.0.1/home/backups and a folder name of SiteManager1, the sync process will store image files in /home/backups/SiteManager1, creating the SiteManager1 folder if necessary.</blockquote>Multiple repositories can sync to the same server/network path so long as the folder name is different for each one.Synchronization Window — Times — The synchronization window controls what time of day the sync will run. When the start time is reached, Site Manager will stop scheduling backups on the repository, wait for any existing backups to finish then run the sync. After the sync has finished, backups resume. If the sync can’t be started before the sync end time is reached, the sync attempt is abandoned until the following day. This option allows some control over when high internet bandwidth options like sync get run.Synchronization Window — Frequency — The sync process can be limited to only happening on some days of the week by selecting the desired days here.<h3>Finishing the Wizard</h3>When finishing the wizard, a connection test is performed by the server and any errors are highlighted to be fixed:<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure><h3>Viewing Remote Synchronization Status</h3><h4>Current Server Status</h4>Once Remote Synchronization has been configured, the Synchronization tab on the Repositories page will show the following:<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>This includes a top section with the current server status — this is periodically updated by Site Manager so that if a Remote Synchronization server goes offline it will be noted and the error shown here. The configuration is also shown here for reference and can be edited.The Run Now option allows a sync to be started manually. This manually started sync will wait for any active backups in the Repository to finish before starting and will then prevent any backups from starting until the sync is completed.<h4>Last Synchronization Results</h4>This section shows the results of the last sync which ran, including whether it succeeded, any error messages, the amount of data uploaded and which files were affected.<h3>Viewing a Synchronization in Progress</h3>Upcoming syncs are shown in the forecast of the Repository and active syncs are shown in the Activity widget on the Dashboard page just as for backups<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>Find more information about Macrium Site Manager in our<a href="https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/MSM/Introduction+to+Site+Manager"> User Guide</a>Download a<a href="https://www.macrium.com/site-manager"> Trial of Site Manager</a>Macrium Site Manager is available at no cost and includes a 30-Day Trial for 5 workstations and 1 server. Additional machines and trial period extensions are available on request. Existing standalone Reflect installations can be managed indefinitely.

Site Manager can automatically synchronize all backups stored in a Repository

Remote Repository Sync with Macrium Site Manager

<h3>Cloning a Disk with Macrium Reflect 7</h3><figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>Everyone knows how exciting it is to get a new computer and all the benefits this brings to our lives. Even upgrading from an HDD to an SSD can bring a massive (and exciting) increase of performance for most PCs. Everything goes perfectly until we want to have exactly the same data that was on the old PC.We know that this job could be annoying, and losing information is not an option we want to consider. We have apps, programs, files, and settings that we want to keep. But, we don’t need to do it manually; we can use Macrium Reflect to migrate the entire Microsoft operating system (MOS) from the old PC to the new PC.The process that we will use is Cloning.<iframe src="https://cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FLClr3FPg4_4%3Ffeature%3Doembed&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DLClr3FPg4_4&amp;image=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FLClr3FPg4_4%2Fhqdefault.jpg&amp;key=a19fcc184b9711e1b4764040d3dc5c07&amp;type=text%2Fhtml&amp;schema=youtube" width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"><a href="https://medium.com/media/113722c271a684e23a6da375cf930da7/href">https://medium.com/media/113722c271a684e23a6da375cf930da7/href</a></iframe>It is possible to clone an entire hard drive or specific partitions on a hard drive. This is useful if you are upgrading to a larger hard drive. With Macrium Reflect you can boot the target disk on the same system after cloning. Cloning your hard drive creates a bootable new hard drive with the state of your computer at the time you undertook the clone. You can clone to a hard drive installed in your computer or to a hard drive installed in a USB hard-drive Caddy.Important: Windows cannot boot from a USB connected drive. This is a restriction imposed by Windows. If you clone your system disk to a USB connected external drive then, to boot your clone, the physical disk must be removed from the USB caddy and attached to your Motherboard SATA port.<ol><li>Select the disk you wish to clone in the main application window and Click ‘Clone this disk’.</li></ol><figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>2. In the wizard that opens Click Select a disk to clone to…<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>3. Select the hard disk you wish to clone to. In this case, there is only one disk available.If you do not want to modify the order or size of partitions of the clone, click Next. This is the default behaviour. Alternatively, drag the partitions you want to clone, the red arrow below shows this.<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>You can modify the size of each partition to fit the new disk if required.<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>To modify the partition sizes, click Cloned Partition Properties and adjust the size of the partition by:<ol><li>Setting the partition size precisely using the Partition Size entry box.</li><li>Resize the partition automatically by clicking Maximum size, Minimum size or Original size.</li></ol><figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>4. Click OK. And then NextThe options to Add Schedule, Edit Schedule or Delete Schedule is displayed.<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>When you add a Schedule this window will appear with all the options:<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>5. Make any required changes and click Next.6. Review the settings and click Finish.<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>7. Verify the settings in Backup Save Options and if appropriate, click OK.<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>If you want to run the Clone at this point, select ‘Run this backup now’ and click OK.8. A Warning box will appear, if it is appropriate click Continue.<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>Important: The target disk for the clone operation will be overwritten. This is unrecoverable, so please ensure that the target disk contains no valid data.Download a 30-day Trial of Macrium Reflect for <a href="https://www.macrium.com/products/home">Home</a> or <a href="https://www.macrium.com/products/business/standalone/workstation">Business</a> use.

Cloning a Disk with Macrium Reflect 7Everyone knows how exciting it is to get a

How to migrate your old PC to a new one

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<figure><img alt="" src="/no-image-to-display.jpg" /></figure>In this thread of #BackupFAQ blog post you can find answer to common questions we receive from our customers, where we explain all you need to know about Macrium Software, our Products and the Backup industry. Leave a comment if you have suggestions for our next publication.This week we explain how support works and how its renewal may affect your licence.<h3><a href="https://www.macrium.com/support">Macrium Support &amp; Maintenance</a></h3><h3>What does Standard support include?</h3>Macrium Reflect business editions (Workstation, Server, and Server Plus for Exchange and SQL), all include 12 months free Standard Support &amp; Maintenance included in the purchase of each license, which is renewable for subsequent years. Standard Support includes access to support via email, our KnowledgeBase and our customer forum.We also offer a Premium Support option which includes priority response and telephone support.Both Standard and Premium Support include Upgrade Protection, so Minor updates (for example v7.1 to v7.2) and Major upgrades (for example v7 to v8) are free while the subscription is current.<h3>What does Home Essentials support include?</h3>When you purchase Macrium Reflect Home Edition, Macrium Home Essentials Support is provided free for one year.Macrium Home Essentials Support includes access to support via email, our KnowledgeBase and our customer forum. Many problems can be solved by finding solutions within the Forum, KnowledgeBase (KB) Tutorials, Help Tutorials and YouTube videos; these are instant solutions rather than having to wait for Macrium Support to respond (usually within 24 hours during weekdays).After the year of Home Essentials ends you will still have full and permanent access to our active and helpful customer forum and KnowledgeBase.<h3>Does Home Essentials support include upgrades?</h3>Minor updates (for example v7.1 to v7.2) are free. Major upgrades (for example v7 to v8) are chargeable but with an upgrade discount — usually around 40% to 50% off the price of a new license.<h3>What is the difference between the Macrium Reflect Home Essentials Support and Macrium Reflect Standard Support?</h3>Workstation licenses include eligibility for support when using Reflect in a business environment, which is explicitly NOT supported for users of the Home edition.Workstation licences have Standard Support and Maintenance that can be upgraded to Premium 24x7 Support, and is renewable as an optional fee each year. It also allows you to get Major updates for free.With the Home Edition, Essentials support cannot be renewed after 12 months unless a new license is purchased.NB: 30-Day Trial users (of any edition) receive email support and we will answer any questions while evaluating our software for the full 30 days of the trial.<h3>What are the big differences between standard and premium support?</h3>Both offer access to the Support Forum, KnowledgeBase, Upgrade Protection and remote support via email. But Premium support offers benefits that can be key when a disaster strikes: It offers the option of receiving Telephone Support, having Case Priority, 24x7 coverage and a typical response time of 12 hours instead of 24 hours.<h3>Do you offer email and Forum support for the Free Edition?</h3>The free edition is not supported although users do have access to view the Forum, KnowledgeBase and YouTube videos. We have over 6 million users of Macrium reflect Free worldwide and there is no way we could provide support for a free product. Of course we hope the Free Edition will demonstrate the value of Macrium Reflect and result in people who are willing to pay for additional value. But if you want to keep using the free version, you’re welcome to do so: it is not time limited in any way (unlike the 30-Day Trial).<h3>How does the support renewal process work?</h3>The Business Support and Maintenance subscriptions are for 12 months and must be renewed to retain access to support and maintenance. All business edition licenses without a current support subscription are eligible for an upgrade with a discount of up to 50%.Any business edition of Macrium Reflect (Workstation, Server, Server Plus, and Technicians Licenses) that have a current support subscription, are eligible for a free upgrade to the current version. If the support subscription for a license expired within the last 90 days it is still possible renew it, so the license will be eligible for a free upgrade.Home Essentials Support is for 12 months only and cannot be renewed, unless a new license is purchased.Please note: the upgrade discount only applies to previous purchased versions, it does not apply when upgrading from the free or 30-Day Trial to the latest full purchased version.<h3>Will my licence still work if my support has expired and I don’t renew it?</h3>Yes, Macrium Reflect Home, Workstation, Server, and Server Plus licenses are perpetual and independent of the support subscription.Each Macrium Reflect Workstation, Server, and Server Plus Editions license key is for one computer and it should be only transferred to another computer for legitimate upgrade/replacement purposes. When you purchase any of these editions you have the software licenses for life, there is no annual fee to pay, independently of having renewed your support or not.The exception is when you upgrade an old version to a current version. Your old license key becomes invalidated and replaced by the new upgrade license key.<h3>What about the Technicians and Deployment Kit Licenses?</h3>These two license types run alongside the other business editions. These license are ideal for IT technicians or service companies who might maintain a large number of PCs and may wish to back them up prior to carrying out work. Without the Technicians License, each PC requires separate licensed copy of Macrium Reflect, because the usual licensing arrangement is machine specific. Using a Technicians license allows the technician to backup or image each PC using a single license.The Technicians Deployment Kit License allows up to 5 technicians to create “Master” or “Golden” images and deploy them to an unlimited number of workstations and servers. This enables internal IT departments and commercial IT specialists to set up PCs without having to purchase a separate license for each workstation or server providing the software is not installed on more than one PC at a time.The Technicians and Deployment Kit licenses last for one year, after which they can be renewed. If the subscription is not renewed they will downgrade to a standalone Server Edition license and Portable Application Support* will no longer function.Macrium Premium Support &amp; Maintenance is included with Technicians and Deployment Licenses, while the license subscription is active.<h3>*What is Portable Application Support?</h3>Portable application support ships exclusively with Macrium Reflect Technicians Licenses. In addition to allowing you to create a bootable USB stick from which you can rescue your systems, you can also optionally add Portable Application support to your media. This will allow you to run Macrium Reflect on your licensed PCs directly from the USB stick, without needing to install Reflect on the workstation or server first. The base install of Macrium Reflect may only be installed on a single PC at a time. If you wish to move this install, you will have to uninstall and reinstall the software.We hope you have enjoyed this post. We will come back soon with more #FAQs updates.You can download a 30-day Trial of <a href="https://www.macrium.com/products/business/standalone/workstation">Macrium Reflect Workstation</a> or <a href="https://www.macrium.com/site-manager">Site Manager 7.</a> Technical support for Trial users evaluating our software is available via <a href="https://www.macrium.com/support">email.</a>

In this thread of #BackupFAQ blog post you can find answer to common questions

#BackupFAQ — If my support expired does it affect my software licence?

# 6 best ways to love your data

It’s been said and repeated countless times, but data is the most valuable resource in the world. Your data. Everyone’s data. Companies are still clamoring to learn everything and anything about you to sell on to the highest bidder, hackers are hoping to get a valuable nugget for ransom leverage, and others are just collecting… collecting and waiting for a time when it can be best used. 

Sounds more like a horror story than a romance, but you aren’t powerless! There are a few important ways to show your data some love, and what better time to do it than International Love Data Week? 

## Check out these International Love Data Week events

First of all, let’s have a little fun and schedule in some great online events that are going on! Here are a few that jumped out, but be sure to check out [the complete list here](https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/4544 "www.icpsr.umich.edu"). There are plenty of online and in-person events to choose from. 

[**Falling in Love with Data**](https://villanova.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJElcOmorzksGNT1cyET8YgVcX2yAOAnRLbu "https://villanova.zoom.us") - This beginner workshop will provide an overview of ICPSR, an online data archive available to social science researchers.

[**Dating with Data: 50 Years of Romantic Relationships**](https://calendar.lib.vt.edu/event/10275825 "calendar.lib.vt.edu") - How have US attitudes toward inter-racial, inter-religious, and LGBTQ+ relationships changed over the past half century? Find out what surveys from 1972-2022 say while sharing some Valentine's Day treats as part of International Love Data Week!

[**Love Data Week - Data Privacy**](https://library.temple.edu/events/1389 "library.temple.edu") - Learn about data privacy from Dina Gayanova, a data privacy and cybersecurity attorney in Holland & Knight's Philadelphia office.

[**Data for Social Good**](https://uncw.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZ0lcuCurTgrHtfdskbF47WpbT4f5Gap_kHO#/registration "uncw.zoom.us") - Data can be used to bring about changes that matter. Hear from various researchers about how they have used data to make an impact on society. They will reflect upon how they first recognized what impact their data could have, and how they then worked towards turning that data into a form to be practically used beyond academia.

**[Love Data Week: Introduction to Data Visualization with Tableau](https://library.temple.edu/events/1436 "library.temple.edu")** - Do you like data? Do you like good looking graphs? Do you like presenting information in eye-catching ways? If you answered yes to any of those, you might be interested in learning more about data visualization.

## Choose a privacy-focused alternative search engine

Google isn’t the only kid on the block anymore. There are new alternatives every day, but if you’re looking for an option that keeps your privacy front and center, why not give these a spin? Ecosia even plants trees the more you search! 

[DuckDuckGo](https://duckduckgo.com/ "DuckDuckGo.com")

[Startpage](https://www.startpage.com/ "www.startpage.com")

[Ecosia](https://info.ecosia.org/privacy "info.ecosia.org")

Disclaimer (and minor rabbit hole for you to fall into)

[Global surveillance alliances are an important](https://www.techspot.com/article/2515-surveillance-intelligence-alliances/ "www.techspot.com"), and sometimes invisible, piece of the cyber security puzzle. It’s important to educate yourself on your country’s laws and alliances, as all the good intentions a company may have are still subject to the law.

## Regularly check your app security settings

You’ve heard the saying, “If you’re not paying for the product, you are the product.” Luckily, in most jurisdictions, the law has finally caught up with technology and we’re now able to choose what information we share. The apps we love to use have a tendency to love using us back, but it’s important that all parties involved are okay with that trade.

So keep an eye on [your security settings](https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-check-app-permissions-ios-android-macos-windows/ "www.wired.com"), actually [read your EULAs](https://measuringu.com/eula/ "measuringu.com") (or at least give it a good college try), and take a few moments to consider what you’re giving in exchange for that “free” product or service.

## Learn about the most common cyber security threats

[Cyber criminals are constantly changing and adapting their techniques](https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/cyberaware/home "www.ncsc.gov.uk") for getting their hands on your info, but the absolute best protection against it: knowledge. Learn about the different ways your information can be accessed and stolen so it’s more obvious to you when you see it.

Even things as simple as keeping different passwords for different accounts, and turning on 2-factor authentication can go a long way.

## Best VPNs in 2023

This could be a blog post in itself (and probably will be soon) but we’d be remiss if it wasn’t included in this list. There are a variety of VPNs out there to suit your needs and price point, whether it’s just a browser extension or something for your whole household.

[TechRadar](https://www.techradar.com/vpn/best-vpn "www.techradar.com") has done a really great review of all the major VPNs out there right now, so have a read for the most current info and get started. Most offer free 30 day trials!

## Protect your data with backup and recovery software

And of course, rely on [Macrium Reflect 8](https://www.macrium.com/ "www.macrium.com") to protect your home PCs. Whether your data is compromised by hackers, lost due to human error, or destroyed due to a natural event, a well-planned backup strategy will protect you when you need it most.

Running regular backups is like a good insurance policy, and routinely checking you can restore them is the easiest way to trust your data is in good hands. And with [Macrium Image Guardian (MIG)](https://www.macrium.com/mig "www.macrium.com/mig"), you can rest easy knowing that even your backup files are safe from ransomware.

To celebrate International Love Data Week, we’re offering 20% off Reflect 8 Home! (from now until 20th February 2023) So put all these practices in place, get yourself top-notch backup and recovery software, and share the love with someone whose data you want to protect, too!

![macrium-software-adoption-certificate-lovedateweek23.png](https://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/macrium_software_adoption_certificate_lovedateweek23_84a3327e78.png)

It’s been said and repeated countless times, but data is the most valuable resource in the world. Your data. Everyone’s data. Companies are still clamoring to learn everything and anything about you to sell on to the highest bidder, hackers are hoping to get a valuable nugget for ransom leverage, and others are just collecting… collecting and waiting for a time when it can be best used. 

Sounds more like a horror story than a romance, but you aren’t powerless!

6 best ways to love your data

Similar to the [federal government](/the-federal-government-and-cybersecurity-risks "The Federal Government and Cybersecurity Risks"), state and local governments have cybersecurity threats. While the federal government is in charge of the U.S. as a whole, state and local governments manage cities, towns, tribals, and municipalities. This difference also leads to shifts in the way governments establish cybersecurity. On a state-to-state or city-to-city level, applications may change based on a number of factors. 

## What Does Cybersecurity Look Like on the State and Local Level?

State and local governments are vulnerable to cybercriminal activity as “they collect, process, store, and transmit vast amounts of sensitive data.” The wrong hands can weaponize and misuse data.

In 2020, hackers carried out 79 individual [ransomware attacks against U.S. government organizations](https://icma.org/blog-posts/practical-measures-local-government-avoid-ransomware "icma.org"). It cost downtime and recovery of nearly $18.88 billion. Clearly, ransomware is pervasive. The attack suspended “municipal operations, ultimately disrupting infrastructure services for 911 systems, utilities, and payment platforms with state and local governments.” 

[Cybercriminals target local governments](https://www.nlc.org/wp-contenthttps://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/2020/04/SML_2020Report_web-1.pdf "www.nlc.org"), which can “threaten to erode the trust that residents have in critical institutions.” The increasing reliance on IoT and automated systems may invite cyberattacks. They take advantage of gaps in security and the multiple entries of technology. Inadequate security measures and negligence within municipalities generate cyber risks.

![1406439_state-and-local-gov-graphic-3-2_071522.jpg](https://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/1406439_state_and_local_gov_graphic_3_2_071522_3fc6314d14.jpg)

From a [review of local government cybersecurity in 2020](https://icma.org/articles/pm-magazine/look-local-government-cybersecurity-2020 "icma.org"), local governments have three ways of cybersecurity structure: 

1.  **Centralized**: A single IT department is responsible for managing all the cybersecurity in a town or city. As a benefit, it ensures an extensive coverage of risks.
2.  **Decentralized**: Every department must run its own cybersecurity. Unlike centralized, a police department or building division in a town government must deal with IT matters individually.
3.  **Federated**: For local governments that operate with federated, it’s shared. The chief information security officer (CISO) assumes part of the authority for cyber protection. Local offices and departments take on the rest. The disadvantage of this model is that the CISO does not set the precedent for local government departments. A lot of breaches and cyberattacks can happen from a lack of education surrounding proper cybersecurity protocols. If a CISO is unable to totally control a local government’s cybersecurity, departments may be susceptible to hackers.

## Cybersecurity Preparedness

As with federal government agencies, local and state governments commonly take action post-attack. 

An example comes from the Riverside Ohio police and fire department in 2018\. The department servers suffered an unrecoverable data loss from 10 months of information. Unfortunately, it “effectively shut down the police department’s records management system.” Surprisingly, Riverside went through another data loss only a month after the initial shutdown. Since the first time, they ran daily backups in case it happened again, which it did. In March 2018 and May 2019, [two attacks occurred in the local government](https://icma.org/blog-posts/practical-measures-local-government-avoid-ransomware "icma.org") of the city of Baltimore as well. 

An [IBM news report](https://newsroom.ibm.com/2020-02-27-IBM-Survey-Only-38-of-State-and-Local-Government-Employees-Trained-on-Ransomware-Prevention "newsroom.ibm.com") examined the results from a poll. In it, U.S. city and state employees assessed their readiness for cyberattacks. Overwhelmingly, more than natural disasters and terrorist attacks, 73% of government employees feared “impending ransomware threats to cities across the country.” 

![1406447_stateandlocalgovgraphic1_071922.jpg](https://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/1406447_stateandlocalgovgraphic1_071922_969ebd5e0d.jpg)

Moreover, respondents revealed the prevalence of ransomware attacks. A poll showed that the departments of 1 in 6 employees had a ransomware attack. This evidence has not stimulated proactive prevention. Only 38% of employees received “general ransomware prevention training.” 

Along with cybersecurity structure in local government, there are obstacles to achieving uniform and effective cybersecurity across states, towns, and cities.

## Problems in Governments that Cause Cyber Risks 

Other factors contribute to the flaws in cybersecurity at this level of government. [IoT emerges as a feature in buildings](https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5356053/global-smart-buildings-market-by-technology-ai "researchandmarkets.com") that will only continue, according to Smart Buildings Market for 2021-2026\. The research estimates that “over 78% of new construction will involve at least one facet of IoT and/or related smart buildings market-related technologies over the course of the next five years.”

More state and local governments will incorporate these types of technologies into their offices. "[T]hese internet-connected devices and systems greatly increase exposure to cybersecurity risks.” IMCA reviewed the [consideration for IoT safety in municipalities](https://icma.org/blog-posts/cybersecurity-considerations-implement-iot "icma.org"). They go in hand with the accessibility and streamlined application that IoT offers. Technology is not dangerous but a lack of cybersecurity resources is.

![1406375_stateandlocalgovgraphic1_071422.jpg](https://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/1406375_stateandlocalgovgraphic1_071422_91111930fa.jpg)

Risks for administering IoT devices:

*   Weak or hard-coded passwords
*   Old and unpatched embedded operating systems and software
*   Insecure data transfer and storage
*   Lack of secure updates

![1406389_state-and-local-gov-graphic-2-2_071822.jpg](https://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/1406389_state_and_local_gov_graphic_2_2_071822_43e47181bc.jpg)

The Center for Digital Government (CDG) surveyed 103 state and local officials to [determine why governments lacked an effective security strateg](https://www.govtech.com/sponsored/how-state-and-local-governments-can-make-their-security-operations-ready-for-the-future "govtech.com")y:

*   46% said lack of cybersecurity skills among their workforce
*   40% said issues with integrating security tools
*   36% said the inability to rapidly respond to threats

The following security and compliance challenges include: 

*   Legacy 
*   Unpatched and non-supported networks increasing exposure
*   Excessive manual processes 
*   Limited enterprise visibility around the endpoints connected to networks

From the survey, 66% of participants acknowledged that “their data-sharing practices are only somewhat mature or not mature at all."

Governments experience challenges with data accessibility and sharing. They have difficulty transforming data into actionable intelligence. It's a result of different data formats and storage environments. “At the same time, governments must deal with an ever-evolving regulatory environment and an increasingly privacy-focused landscape that makes it safer for them to limit data sharing rather than expose themselves to added risks.”

Data analytic challenges from a CDG survey:

*   41% said security
*   38% said privacy concerns
*   35% said data quality
*   34% said data silos

The article poses a few solutions:

*   Governments need to better align their data with people, technologies, and processes for the connection to be seamless.
*   Storing and indexing data calls for reconfiguration for security. 
*   Muncipilatites must leverage modern technologies to support data sharing across departments.
*   Cybersecurity is a necessity and data contains confidential information that demands protection. 

On top of this, 52% of state and local government IT/Security professionals agreed their budget hasn’t improved. This could hinder [training on ransomware prevention](https://newsroom.ibm.com/2020-02-27-IBM-Survey-Only-38-of-State-and-Local-Government-Employees-Trained-on-Ransomware-Prevention "newsroom.ibm.com/").

## What Regulations Constitute State and Local Cybersecurity? 

The EU implements the [General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)](https://gdpr.eu/what-is-gdpr/ "gdpr.eu"), a data privacy and security law that provides regulations for organizations worldwide to control cybersecurity. Some states have begun implementing cybersecurity mandates on their own. Following this, the U.S. is starting to catch up with statewide mandates such as the [California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)](https://oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa "oag.ca.gov"). The act provides guidance for California businesses and organizations, mostly to protect consumers and let them have greater control over their personal information and what businesses can take advantage of. 

Additionally, the [2018 California Civil Code on Security of Connected Devices](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB327 "leginfo.legislature.ca.gov") places a new requirement on manufacturers. On January 1, 2020, manufacturers began following these guidelines. IoT devices are now sold with the right security features to protect data and privileged information. The code will reduce "unauthorized access, use, adaption, disclosure, or destruction."

The New York City chief technology officer issued the New York City Internet of Things. It defines IoT safety and security practices. The new order creates processes to evaluate city technology. ICMA's “Cybersecurity Considerations to Implement IoT,” also gives recommendations for improvement.’”

The Committee on Homeland Security wants to introduce [The State and Local Cybersecurity Improvement Act](https://homeland.house.gov/imo/media/doc/State%20and%20Local%20Cyber%20Act%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf "homeland.house.gov"). The proposal stems from fears that the federal government is slow to cybersecurity. Stretched state and local budgets and current defenses cannot stand against foreign hackers.

The act develops "a new Department of Homeland Security (DHS) grant program." Advocates plan to tackle cybersecurity risks for state and local governments.

A National League of Cities report, “[State and Local Partnerships for Cybersecurity](https://www.nlc.org/wp-contenthttps://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/2020/04/SML_2020Report_web-1.pdf "www.nlc.org"),” believes in a collaborative approach. Cities and states can strengthen national cybersecurity infrastructure together. 

Currently, “Delaware is the only state that offers voluntary statewide cybersecurity training for state non-executive and local government employees.” Out of the 50 U.S. states, only 16 mandate cybersecurity training. Nine states lack cybersecurity training programs completely. 

Organizations are fighting to unify and structure the inconsistencies among states.

## How to Secure Critical Local and Government Data 

Beyond firewalls and antivirus software, a simple and inexpensive (compared to ransomware costs) solution is keeping backup images and copies of data. In this way, governments will have another layer of protection in case of ineffective cybersecurity. 

Security is central to software design at Macrium. Our applications give you complete control over where your data is stored and will operate fully offline for the most secure, air-tight networks.

Macrium Software provides extensive backup imaging for this reason. Check out our website to learn about installing effective backups to prevent data loss at [Macrium.com](https://www.macrium.com/ "macrium.com").


State and local governments are vulnerable to cybercriminal activity as “they collect, process, store, and transmit vast amounts of sensitive data.” The wrong hands can weaponize and misuse data. In 2020, hackers carried out 79 individual ransomware attacks against U.S. government organizations. It cost downtime and recovery of nearly $18.88 billion. Clearly, ransomware is pervasive. The attack suspended “municipal operations, ultimately disrupting infrastructure services for 911 systems, utilities, and payment platforms with state and local governments.” 

State and Local Government Cybersecurity Risks

Here in the northern hemisphere, summer has rolled round again, bringing record temperatures across Europe and North America with it. While a cold shower or an icecream might be enough to cool us down, things aren’t so simple for the devices that we trust to store our data. Have you ever wondered why data centres are so cold? The answer is slightly more complex than “to keep the IT people cool”.

We all know that excess heat is bad for our devices. You may have even seen pictures or videos of competitive overclockers using liquid nitrogen to stop their CPUs overheating, and if you haven’t: [tomshardware has got you covered](https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/how-to-competitive-overclocking-overclocker-tips,5636.html "tomshardware.com"). However, proper cooling isn’t just important for CPUs, it is also important for storage devices.

First, it can be beneficial to define what is a good temperature for a storage device. Although the exact numbers will vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, some basic outlines are

Solid State Drive (SSD) - 0 °C to 60°C (32°F to 140°F)

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - 0ºC up to 70ºC (32ºF to 158ºF)

For more information you should read the manufacturer’s specification. This example is from a [Samsung 870 EVO](https://www.samsung.com/uk/memory-storage/sata-ssd/870-evo-1tb-sata-3-2-5-ssd-mz-77e1t0b-eu/ "samsung.com"):

![20220725-why-you-should-keep-your-data-cool-this-summer.png](https://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/20220725_why_you_should_keep_your_data_cool_this_summer_1f814025b5.png)

What happens if the temperature of the drives rise above this? Well, basically, nothing good. Many modern devices are smart enough to monitor their own temperature via their firmware. If temperatures reach a certain level, they may throttle their own performance to prevent further overheating. Whilst this is good as it prevents the drive from further overheating and potentially damaging components, this may also lead to reduced performance including reduced I/O performance. This [large-scale case study](https://users.ece.cmu.edu/~omutlu/pub/flash-memory-failures-in-the-field-at-facebook_sigmetrics15.pdf "users.ece.cmu.edu") of flash memory failure in the field at Facebook’s datacentres notes:

_“Higher temperatures lead to increased failure rates, but do so most noticeably for SSDs that do not employ throttling techniques.”_

Not only have they noticed a correlation between shorter flash storage lifespan with higher temperature, but drives that don’t implement performance throttling at higher temperatures had noticeably shorter lifespans than their counterparts that do.

In [this whitepaper](https://aiot.innodisk.com/wp-contenthttps://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/2020/07/Achieving-Extensive-Data-Retention-in-High-Temperature-AIoT-Applications-1.pdf "aiot.innodisk.com"), innodisk also draw a correlation between temperature and a decrease in data retention. 

_“Data retention decreases in higher temperatures and with increasing program/erase (P/E) cycles as both these factors induce a higher rate of charge leakage.”_

Charge leakage occurs when the dielectric barrier designed to trap a charge in the flash cell degrades, if the dielectric degrades too much, the cell can no longer hold a charge and thus can’t be programmed. For more information about the structure of NAND flash cells, I recommend reading [this blog post](/how-do-ssds-work#:~:text=SSDs%20are%20fundamentally%20made%20up,SSD%20and%20the%20host%20interface. "macrium.com"). Higher temperatures mean that charged particles in the flash cell move more, further eroding the dielectric layer. 

As for HDDs, [in this article by Backblaze](https://www.backblaze.com/blog/hard-drive-temperature-does-it-matter/ "backblaze.com") they indicate that in their datacentre there was no significant correlation between drive temperature and drive failure rate. In their ‘Hard Drive Temperature Takeaways’ they state:

_“As long as you run drives well within their allowed range of operating temperatures, keeping them cooler doesn’t matter.”_

However, this leaves a lot of room for speculation if the HDD exceeds the operating temperature, something that might not be that difficult as temperatures spike globally, and the average user does not have datacentre cooling to rely on.

The good news, however, is that there are steps we can take to help our storage devices out. Most methods to keep data cool may seem like common sense: from keeping devices away from direct sunlight, placing the device in an area with good air circulation, to avoiding heavy workloads in high temperatures and turning the device off when not in use; there are a lot of things we can do to reduce the temperature of our devices.

On the very hottest days, if you can’t keep your storage cool, just turn it off; that’s what Google and Oracle do.

[https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-62202125](https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-62202125 "bbc.com")

Keeping devices as cool as possible will not only prevent potential damage from overheating but many also improve data retention.


Here in the northern hemisphere, summer has rolled round again, bringing record temperatures across Europe and North America with it. While a cold shower or an icecream might be enough to cool us down, things aren’t so simple for the devices that we trust to store our data. Have you ever wondered why data centres are so cold? The answer is slightly more complex than “to keep the IT people cool”.

Why you should keep your data cool this summer

company

# Macrium Software one of UK’s Best Workplaces in Tech™

[Manchester, UK] The 2023 UK’s Best Workplaces in Tech™ list has been launched by Great Place To Work® UK, recognising Macrium Software among the list of organisations in the Small and Medium category.

Macrium Software’s employees anonymously reported that innovation and collaboration within the business make the company a great place to work.

> “The company culture is extremely friendly, I always feel comfortable going to my colleagues for help. Hard work is definitely recognised and management appreciates the extra effort that's made. I have felt extremely welcomed when working with different departments and have always been given help and resources when needed. It's a really nice feeling to enjoy working and knowing that I can ask for help if it is needed!”

An employee survey comment

## Great Place To Work® UK - Best Workplaces in Tech™️ list 

Now in its sixth year, the Best Workplaces in Tech™️ list celebrates companies adept at developing dynamic, collaborative cultures that serve as a catalyst for innovation and personal growth for all.
Great Place To Work® UK administered its research-backed Trust Index© employee survey and analysed the responses of UK-based tech employees to determine the Best Workplaces™ list.  

The surveys asked employees to comment on how their company supports their work-life balance, sense of fulfilment, job satisfaction, psychological safety and financial security. 

Evaluations also included an assessment of how well the organisation was able to deliver consistency of employee experience across all departments and seniority levels. 

Macrium Software is one of just five businesses in the North West to make the 2023 list in the category. The business also received Great Place to Work’s certification and featured on its .. lists earlier in 2023. 

## People are “Our Greatest Asset”

Macrium Software’s CEO, Nick Sills, said:

> “At Macrium Software, we recognise that our people are our greatest asset. We take great pride in fostering a supportive and positive working environment, where each individual can thrive and reach their full potential. We believe that by investing in our employees' professional and personal development, we can achieve the highest levels of success and innovation as a company. As a team, we are dedicated to creating a culture that values collaboration, creativity and mutual respect and we are committed to providing our employees with the resources they need to excel both in and outside of the workplace.”

## Keeping People “At the Heart of the Business”

Benedict Gautrey, Managing Director of Great Place To Work® UK said:

> “The Best Workplaces in Tech™️ list is created using the anonymous feedback collected from employees within the technology industry about their workplace experience. In one of the country’s fastest-growing industries, it’s fantastic to see these Tech organisations putting their people strategy at the heart of the business and implementing policies, practices and programmes that sustain an impactful and consistently great employee experience for all. A huge congratulations to Macrium Software for making one of our most prestigious lists.”

---ENDS---

### About Macrium Software 

Macrium Software is the industry leader in image-based backup and recovery software. We’re a vital part of digital security and business continuity plans for enterprise businesses, SMBs, and IT professionals across all industries and sectors. In a world where data is the most valuable resource, we've made it our business to protect yours. 

[www.macrium.com](https://www.macrium.com/)

Follow Macrium Software online: [Twitter](https://twitter.com/macrium), [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/paramount-software-uk-limited), [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/macrium/), and [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/macrium/)

© 2023. Paramount Software UK Limited. Macrium Reflect® is a registered trademark of Paramount Software UK Limited. 

### About Great Place To Work®

Great Place To Work® is the global authority on workplace culture, on a mission to make every company a great workplace for all. Every year, they receive direct feedback from over 10 million workers around the world telling us how they really feel about their employer. 

Their survey is completely confidential and anonymous, so people can feel comfortable to be honest about their workplace, and companies can gain detailed insights into how they can better serve their people.

Only those employers who have the highest levels of trust, job satisfaction, and who empower ALL their employees to thrive both in and outside of work are awarded official Best Workplaces™ recognition.

For more information, visit [www.greatplacetowork.co.uk](https://www.greatplacetowork.co.uk/)

Macrium Software has been named as one of the UK's Best Workplaces in Tech™ by Great Place To Work®, the global authority on workplace culture.

Macrium Software one of UK’s Best Workplaces in Tech™

cybersecurity

windows-backup

macrium

disaster-recovery

# Introducing Macrium Site Manager 8.1

We’re pleased to announce that we’ve made a series of improvements to Macrium Site Manager. The latest version, Site Manager 8.1, will be available for you to use from Wednesday 14th June 2023. This update improves the user experience and includes integrations for seamless use alongside other products.

## How do I Upgrade to Macrium Site Manager 8.1?
You’ll be able to update Site Manager from Wednesday 14th June 2023. When you log in, you’ll see a notice explaining some steps you need to take before doing so. Please note - The change is not automatic. You will need to actively opt into the update by clicking the button presented to you after login.

## What’s New With Macrium Site Manager 8.1?
Here is a breakdown of the improvements we’ve made since version 8.0.

### Speed Improvements
Macrium Site Manager 8.1 includes all Reflect 8.1 changes, including speed improvements.

### Macrium Boot Media Agent
- There’s now an automatic connection to the Macrium Site Manager server. This allows server-initiated restores and full monitoring and control of all rescue media-based operations.
- You can now restrict access to rescue media to specific users or groups using the permission management systems in Macrium Site Manager, including full active directory integration.
- Auto-repository mapping reduces time to manually restore backups using Macrium Site Manager rescue media. This removes the need for the user to manually map a repository and provide server paths, username and password (for logged-in users).
### Macrium SiteDeploy Integration
- Add license keys and start trials from the improved first-run wizard for both Macrium Site Manager and Macrium SiteDeploy.
### Simplify Disaster Recovery
- For disaster recovery from rescue media, computers can automatically be identified and backups for that computer can be listed directly in the Macrium Reflect restore interface, with no manual steps required.
### Improved Interface
- Improved computers page which gives you better visibility of repository usage and easier access to backups.
- Improved intuitive rules for partition selection makes partition selection easier than ever.
- The Macrium Site Manager initiated restore wizard has been updated to make the process of restoring a computer simpler and faster.
### Post-Backup Power-Saving Options
- Better management of out-of-hours backups, with added ability to shut down, reboot or suspend computers after backup completion. This is especially the case when combined with the existing Wake-on-Lan features in Site Manager.
Find out more about the upgrades in Macrium Site Manager 8.1 in our [video demonstration](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQRHp36T4fQ) and access the [release notes here](https://knowledgebase.macrium.com/display/MSM8/Release+Notes). 

We hope you enjoy exploring the benefits Site Manager 8.1 has to offer and encourage you to [share your thoughts](https://www.macrium.com/contact) and feedback to assist with our continual improvement programme.

The latest version of our sitewide backup system, Macrium Site Manager 8.1, is now available for you to use. Here's the improvements we've made.

Introducing Macrium Site Manager 8.1

The retail industry is not exempt from cyberattacks. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed shopping from in-store to online. However, our overall reliance on digital technology has transformed retail. Cyberattacks cost retailers millions of dollars in ransomware prices. With today’s digitally focused business environment, investing in cybersecurity is a top priority.

Let’s review the current state of cybersecurity in retail and how preparation can save this sector from corrupt hackers.  

## How Is Retail a Target for Cyberattacks?

A main driving force for why cyber attackers target the retail industry is customer information. Credit card payments and personal information are highly advantageous to cybercriminals. Storing online data to re-enter shopping accounts is risky if there is not proper cybersecurity established. 

![1406759_Retail-Graphic-1-1_080122.jpg](https://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/1406759_Retail_Graphic_1_1_080122_4cd6d06fba.jpg)

IT Pro published an article about [why retail is ranking in cyberattacks](https://www.itpro.com/security/cyber-security/360747/why-retailers-are-the-most-targeted-sector-for-cyber-attacks "itpro.com"). Criminals who have access to customer databases “can send phishing emails pretending to be a legitimate business.” At this time, they can “ask for personal details, send malicious links, or include malware that can wreak havoc on a customer’s PC.” 

The article also signifies this risk is not exclusive to online shopping. The Internet of Things (IoT) is practicable in today’s business environment. Physical objects integrate with technology to be more available and adaptable. IoT devices in the retail industry include point of sales (PoS) systems and security cameras. As they incorporate technology features, there is more access for hackers. Malware-infected PoS systems are a threat to the private information of businesses and customers.

Progressive technology gives cyber attackers multiple points of entry. The retail industry can avoid costly repairs and preserve the image of its business. For either online shopping or in-person, establishing basic cybersecurity protocols is a preventative defense. 

[The Consumer Goods Forum](https://www.theconsumergoodsforum.com/global-learning-mechanism-resources/cyber-attacks-the-increasing-risk-for-retail/ "theconsumergoodsforum.com") reports that “retail is more vulnerable to cyberattacks due to the nature of its online traffic and the design of its e-commerce websites.” Phones, stored customer data such as payments and personally-identifying information, and online shopping convenience make enforcing cybersecurity a challenge.

User-friendliness is a conflict. Retailers worry that “robust security measures can make the purchasing process seem time consuming and difficult, driving customers to abandon purchases.” If a customer-focused retail approach overshadows security measures, hackers will continue to plague retail industries. This is one obstacle the retail industry encounters when balancing between security and customer satisfaction. 

However, retailers who have not yet experienced cyberattacks or are unaware of current threats will soon realize that it’s not one of the other. Cybersecurity plays a considerable role in the authority, trustworthiness, and reliability of a company. In the worst cases, customers will leave a company when their personal security is at risk. 

![1406766_Retail-Graphic-2-1_080122.jpg](https://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/1406766_Retail_Graphic_2_1_080122_770d7c7acb.jpg)

## Aftermath of Ransomware on the Retail Industry

Beyond the first sting of a cyberattack hit, there are other consequences that ruin a business. [Retail Touchpoints](https://www.retailtouchpoints.com/blog/cybersecurity-data-privacy-and-esg-highlight-risk-trends-for-retail-and-consumer-markets "retailtouchpoints.com") lists five impacts regulations and investigations have on retail companies:

*   Financial exposure
*   Reputational risk
*   Limited options given the optics of litigating against the government
*   Time and resource-intensive
*   Business disruption

These impacts are critical for retail businesses to see that there are not only financial losses, “but also the potential for brand damage and loss of data.” The article shares two types of data: customer-related and intellectual property linked to confidential business operations. 

Online shopping opens the doors for us to purchase global goods and services. The U.S. economic regulations don’t always agree with those in Spain or the Netherlands. Cybersecurity practices from one country to another can lead to gaps in cyber safety across the marketplace. Along with the changing landscape of how technology is distributed and used in retail, it can be hard to keep up and maintain standardized cybersecurity. 

![1406779_Retail-Graphic-3-1_080222.jpg](https://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/1406779_Retail_Graphic_3_1_080222_efe22548db.jpg)

## What Are the Responses for Ransomware and Encryption in Retail?

[The Sophos’ State of Ransomware in Retail 2021](https://assets.sophos.com/X24WTUEQ/at/8c5hfmh8h8w3sh72b8v65hr/sophos-state-of-ransomware-retail-2021-wp.pdf "assets.sophos.com") (PDF) surveyed “5,400 IT managers across 30 countries [with] 435 respondents from [the] retail sector.” The key findings from the survey showed: 

*   Ransomware hit 44% of retail organizations in 2021
*   Cybercriminals encrypted 54% of organizations’ data after a ransomware attack
*   32% of businesses paid the ransom after their data was encrypted
*   On average, ransom payments cost US$147,811
*   Most often, only 67% of data is recovered when businesses pay the ransom
*   The average bill to resolve a ransomware attack is US$1.97 million for retailers who must factor in lost opportunity, downtime, network cost, device cost, ransom paid, and people time
*   For retailers who went through encryption, 56% use backups to restore data
*   Compared to the global average, the retail industry isn’t as equipped with encryption prevention: 34% vs 39%
*   The global average for cyberattack preparation is 82%, while the retail industry is only 78% 
*   50% of retail respondents who don’t believe they will be attacked are relying on strategies proven ineffective from ransomware
*   13% of participants do not have any concerns about ransomware

![1406785_Retail-Graphic-4-1_080222.jpg](https://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/1406785_Retail_Graphic_4_1_080222_d32fed45ed.jpg)

Among the recommendations Sophos provides the retail industry, they suggest making backups. In the line of defense, backup is a crucial aspect. They point to the downfall of losing data, regardless of paying the ransom. As there is rarely a full data recovery from cyberattacks, having backups is reassuring. 

Firewalls may fail and cybercriminals are becoming far more advanced than existing infrastructure security. Even with layers of cybersecurity protection, once a hack occurs, backups can redeem stolen data. They may eliminate the need to pay the ransomware.

The report also referenced the “3-2-1” backup plan. Companies should have three separate copies, two types of backups, and one offline and offsite copy that cyberattackers can’t reach.

Security is central to software design at Macrium. Our applications give you complete control over where your data is stored and will operate fully offline for the most secure, air-tight networks.

Macrium Software is a backup and image recovery solution. Along with other malware plans and protection software, backups are valuable ways to keep data despite malicious cyber activity. Check out our website to learn about installing effective backups to prevent data loss at [Macrium.com](https://www.macrium.com "macrium.com/8-home").

20220801-the-retail-industry-and-cybersecurity-risks.png

The retail industry is not exempt from cyberattacks. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed shopping from in-store to online. However, our overall reliance on digital technology has transformed retail. Cyberattacks cost retailers millions of dollars in ransomware prices. With today’s digitally focused business environment, investing in cybersecurity is a top priority.

The Retail Industry and Cybersecurity Risks

Macrium Software Great Place To Work Tech Sept 2023

Macrium-Software-Great-Place-To-Work-Tech-Sept-2023-1200x630.jpg

# What is a Sysadmin? Celebrating the Quiet Heroes of IT

Today is system administrator (sysadmin) [appreciation day](https://sysadminday.com/). As a company operating in the tech industry, we want to stop and highlight the crucial, but often underappreciated, work of these professionals that keep our computers and servers alive, our people in communication and organisations around the world in business.

In this blog post, we will delve into the world of sysadmins, explore their roles and the traits that make them successful. For those curious about a career in this field, we’ll also provide insights into how to get ahead in the profession.

## What Does a Sysadmin Do?

Sysadmins are so ubiquitous and manage so many tasks that it’d be easier to ask, “what don’t they do?” But here are some of the responsibilities their roles may cover on a daily basis. 

![Macrium-Software-Sysadmin-Day-Graphic-LinkedIn-Twitter-1200x627-July-2023-01.jpg](https://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/Macrium_Software_Sysadmin_Day_Graphic_Linked_In_Twitter_1200x627_July_2023_01_60939b1463.jpg)

### Build Machines

A fundamental task of a sysadmin is building and configuring machines that meet their business’ specific needs. This includes setting up workstations, servers and other hardware components, ensuring they function optimally to support the company’s operations.

### Data Security

Data security is crucial in today's digital landscape. Sysadmins play a critical role in implementing and maintaining security measures to safeguard sensitive information from unauthorized access, data breaches and cyber threats.

### Virus Protection

Protecting systems from viruses and malware is an ongoing battle. Sysadmins are responsible for installing and managing antivirus software, conducting regular scans and promptly responding to any security threats that may arise.

### Write Code

Automation is key to improving efficiency. Sysadmins often write code or use scripting languages to automate repetitive tasks, manage configurations and streamline a business’ processes.

### Keep Users Connected

Sysadmins are the bridge between technology and end users. They provide technical support, troubleshoot issues and ensure that users can connect and collaborate seamlessly.

### Maintain Servers

Maintaining servers is a core responsibility of sysadmins. They monitor server performance, address hardware and software issues and ensure that critical systems operate smoothly.

### Configure Servers

Sysadmins also configure servers, which involves setting up user accounts, managing permissions and optimizing server performance.

### Update Servers

Keeping software and operating systems updated is vital to their security and performance. Sysadmins are responsible for applying patches and updates to servers and other systems to ensure they remain secure and efficient.

## What Traits Do You Need to Be a Successful Sysadmin?

Being a sysadmin requires a unique set of traits that go beyond technical skills. Successful sysadmins possess a combination of technical expertise and personal qualities that allow them to excel in their roles. Essential traits a sysadmin needs include the following. 

### Clear Communication

Effective communication is essential for sysadmins, as they often need to explain technical concepts to non-technical users. Clear and concise communication helps them provide instructions, troubleshoot issues and collaborate across teams.

### Responsiveness

In the fast-paced world of IT, being responsive to user requests and technical issues couldn’t be more important. A successful sysadmin promptly addresses problems and ensures minimal downtime to keep business operations running smoothly.

### Curiosity

Curiosity drives sysadmins to continuously learn and explore new technologies. Staying curious enables them to adapt to the ever-changing IT landscape and find innovative solutions to complex problems.

### Problem Solving

Sysadmins are natural problem solvers. They possess the ability to analyze issues, identify root causes and implement effective solutions to resolve technical challenges as quickly and painlessly as possible.

### Proactiveness

Being proactive is essential for Sysadmins. It allows them to anticipate potential problems and address them before they escalate. Proactive sysadmins implement preventive measures and monitor systems to prevent issues from occurring in the first place.

### Patience

Technical issues are frustrating and sysadmins often encounter complex problems that require patience and time to solve. Patience and persistence are essential traits for a sysadmin, equipping them to work through challenges methodically and solve problems - both for users and themselves.

## How Can I Become a Sysadmin?

If the role of a system administrator has your attention, there are various skills you can build and paths you can take to embark on a career in this much-demanded area.

- **Education and Training:** Pursue a degree or certification in computer science, IT or a related field. Formal education provides a strong foundation in IT principles and concepts.
- **Gain Technical Experience:** Obtain hands-on experience with computer systems, networks and operating systems. Internships, volunteer work, or personal projects can help you build practical skills.
- **Develop Problem-Solving Skills:** Nurture your problem-solving skills by tackling technical challenges and finding creative, independent solutions to common challenges.
- **Learn Scripting and Automation:** Automation is a key aspect of sysadmin work. Familiarize yourself with scripting languages like [Python](https://www.python.org/), [PowerShell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerShell) or [Bash](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/bash-scripting-tutorial-linux-shell-script-and-command-line-for-beginners/). 
- **Networking and Collaboration:** Join IT groups, network within communities, attend industry events and connect with professionals in the field to expand your network and learn from experienced sysadmins.
- **Certifications:** Consider completing industry recognized certifications like [CompTIA](https://www.comptia.org/) [Network+](https://www.comptia.org/certifications/network) etc. These certifications validate your skills, catch the attention of recruiters and ultimately, make you more attractive to employers.
- **Stay Updated:** Keep yourself informed about the latest trends and developments in IT by reading [tech blogs](https://techworldtimes.com/top-technology-blogs/), attending webinars, listening to [podcasts](https://explodingtopics.com/blog/tech-podcasts) and exploring online resources.

## Happy Sysadmin Day - Explore Our Open Roles

We hope this blog shows our appreciation for sysadmins everywhere - thank you for all you do! If you’re looking for a career in IT, we invite you to explore our open roles - take a look and apply [here](https://www.macrium.com/careers-and-culture). 

Macrium-Software-Sysadmin-Day-Blog-Hero-July-2023.jpg

Join us in celebrating sysadmin day as we highlight the quiet heroes of IT,  what it is they do and what it takes to become a successful sysadmin. 

What is a Sysadmin? | Macrium Software 

# Macrium Software Launches Deployment Product with Potential to Save IT Professionals “Days of Work”

MANCHESTER, UK (17th May 2023)  - [Macrium Software](https://www.macrium.com), the industry leader in image-based backup and recovery software, has announced the launch of Macrium SiteDeploy®, a new product with the potential to save IT professionals days of work on Windows operating system (OS) deployment. 

In a digitally transforming world, the need for organizations to access and restore their devices remotely and at scale, whether PCs, laptops, thin clients or servers, is only becoming greater. 

Macrium SiteDeploy® is designed to reduce the number of manual steps performed during the deployment process. This can significantly cut complexity and reduce deployment time, potentially saving IT teams days of work*. 

For example, deploying 100 Windows PCs using Macrium SiteDeploy® with Microsoft Sysprep answer file injection could equate to a time saving of 16 hours, or two working days, compared to the manual processes widely used in the industry. This could free up time, resources and budget for businesses to focus on strategic priorities and innovation.

“Despite how crucial and ubiquitous it is across all organizations and industries, creating and deploying images remains a headache for IT professionals,” explained Nick Sills, CEO of Macrium Software. 

“A  full deployment process can involve many manual steps. This means it often takes significantly longer than projected, costing businesses time and money. On the other hand, much of the software on the market to automate deployment includes convoluted features. These are often unnecessary and can get very expensive, very quickly.”

Imaging and deployment are required in many scenarios across most businesses and organizations. It enables multiple or large numbers of endpoints - e.g., computers, servers or thin clients, to be built or restored to a set state. This standardizes OSs, so apps, software and security settings run consistently across devices. It also reduces the time and resources needed and offers greater control over configuring and managing IT infrastructure. 

### Cutting complexity 

A common challenge with imaging and deployment is how complicated the deployment process can become. One of the causes of this is the need for businesses to deploy to different types of hardware. Using Macrium’s proprietary software ReDeploy and Driver Harvesting, Macrium SiteDeploy® can alleviate this by ensuring deployments work across disparate hardware. Macrium SiteDeploy® also automates partition resizing, taking away yet another step often performed manually by IT admins.

Its intuitive dashboard empowers users to deploy, monitor and manage large volumes of endpoints from one place. Offering greater control over system and process management, Macrium SiteDeploy® also allows IT admins to organize images and repositories using custom tags, even at scale.

### Faster deployment 

Another key aim behind the development of Macrium SiteDeploy® is to cut the time deployment takes. With a built-in Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE) and the ability to inject templated answer files for Microsoft Sysprep, Macrium SiteDeploy® can save hours in setup time. The answer file allows admins to reduce manual configuration and bypass the out-of-box experience with preconfigured admin accounts and active directory settings.

The launch of Macrium SiteDeploy® comes following a two-month beta testing program. The response from early adopters, who ranged from Sysadmins at SMEs and large businesses to PC build technicians and IT professionals in healthcare and education, has been “overwhelmingly positive”, continued Sills.
“Feedback from our first wave of users includes that Macrium SiteDeploy® saved them significant amounts of time and would remove the need for specialized training. Several are eager to adopt it in the long-term and believe they can easily make a business case to do so,” he continued. “This bears testimony to the exciting potential Macrium SiteDeploy® holds for a diverse range of businesses and organizations.”

“We are proud to bring Macrium SiteDeploy® to the market and look forward to seeing the tangible benefits it will bring to our new and existing customers.”

As businesses prioritize digital transformation and work to scale up their remote operations, the global OS imaging and deployment software market is projected to grow by 14% between 2022 and 2030⁺. 

## [Request A Demo](https://share-eu1.hsforms.com/1PXyODNMKQVSw5TJHWSmPgQfz1ls)

To learn more about Macrium SiteDeploy®, please visit: [https://www.macrium.com/products/business/technicians/sitedeploy ](/products/business/technicians/sitedeploy)

*During testing carried out by Macrium Software, manually completing admin tasks after a new image was deployed to a PC took an average of nine minutes and twenty five seconds. Macrium SiteDeploy® enables the user to bypass this process. Test results available on demand.

⁺Global OS Imaging & Deployment Software Market Segmentation, Regional Research Reports. Source: [https://express-press-release.net/news/2022/11/04/1286789](https://express-press-release.net/news/2022/11/04/1286789) 

—ENDS—

**About Macrium Software**
Macrium Software is the industry leader in image based backup and recovery software. We’re a vital part of digital security and business continuity plans for enterprise businesses, SMBs and IT professionals across all industries and sectors. In a world where data is the most valuable resource, we've made it our business to protect yours. www.macrium.com 


© 2023. Paramount Software UK Limited. Macrium Reflect® and Macrium SiteDeploy® are registered trademarks of Paramount Software UK Limited.

**Sales Enquiries:**
Stephen Macpherson 
Director and Senior Vice President, Global Sales, Macrium Software
Email: [stephen.macpherson@macrium.com](mailto:stephen.macpherson@macrium.com)

**Media Enquiries:**
[marketing@macrium.com](mailto:marketing@macrium.com)

1672658_SiteDeploy-Promotional Images_1200x627_Op1_063023.jpg

MANCHESTER, UK (17th May 2023)  - Macrium Software, the industry leader in image-based backup and recovery software, has announced the launch of Macrium SiteDeploy®, a new product with the potential to save IT professionals days of work on Windows operating system (OS) deployment. 

Macrium Software Launches Deployment Product with Potential to Save IT Professionals “Days of Work”

Macrium-Site-Manager-8-1-Upgrade-Announcement-Blog-Post-Banner-1000px-500px-June-2023.jpg

# How to Create Strong Passwords and Remember Them

Passwords are like door keys. We rarely think about them until we lose them, or worry someone else could have them. 

Considering how heavily we rely on passwords to access the apps, accounts and devices we need to even get off the ground in the morning, it’s surprising how little thought we put into them. 

And this isn’t only true of the general population. “Even people who’d consider themselves security conscious in the physical world can leave their digital twins exposed online,” explains [Professor Daniel Dresner](https://events.manchester.ac.uk/event/event:ctq-k1m4j1j0-cod3jy/fse-inaugural-lecture-series-department-of-computer-science-prof-daniel-dresner "events.manchester.ac.uk - Professor Daniel Dresner"), Professor of Cyber Security at the University of Manchester. 

“Using passwords is a flawed system. And as cyber criminals adopt technologies such as machine learning, passwords are likely to become obsolete."

“But until something better comes along, it’s a good idea to level up your password game.”

## Why are We so Bad at Creating Secure Passwords?

News articles about password mistakes and cyber security attacks are a dime a dozen. We’re saturated with warnings that if we don’t change our passwords, someone will clear out our bank accounts and sell everything we own on the dark web. 

“Much of this is sensationalism with a side order of fear, uncertainty and doubt,” Dresner adds. 

“However, as too many things we want to access online rely on passwords, it's still a very good idea to be careful out there.”

Despite daily stories of data breaches and the accompanying finger-wagging, [more than two thirds of people](https://www.techradar.com/news/exclusive-most-people-still-make-up-their-own-passwords-and-reuse-them "techradar.com") use the same password across multiple accounts.

So, with a stream of security and password-related advice coming at us, why aren’t we listening?

## Remember, Remember…

“It’s often about memory,” Dresner continues. “Anyone is capable of  creating a strong password on the spot. But remembering it when we need it is a different story.” 

“So many websites demand mental algorithms from us. They make remembering the combination of letters, numbers and special characters so far from what we might be comfortable with.” 

“This causes us to downgrade our attempts to create a secure password. So instead, we end up creating one that’s guessable.”

“And if we can guess it, you can be sure the criminals’ software will be able to as well.”

## My Passwords are Probably Fine, Right?

Another trap many of us fall into is assuming hackers won’t target us individually. [Around one third of people](https://www.techradar.com/news/exclusive-most-people-still-make-up-their-own-passwords-and-reuse-them "techradar.com") don’t feel that they’re in danger of being hacked. 

Surely a hacker wouldn’t concern themselves with one account when they could go after big businesses and hold them to ransom instead? Right? Wrong!

## What do Cybercriminals do with Stolen Passwords?

Cyber criminals can do significant damage once they’ve accessed your account. Some of their motivations include, but aren’t limited to, the following.

### To Steal your Money

 A cyber criminal could guess the password to one of your accounts which holds payment information. From there, they can perform an account takeover. This involves changing your password, locking you out and using your payment details for their own ends. This is also a key part of identity theft.  

### To Steal your Identity

To many people, identity theft sounds like a far-fetched concept that only happens in movies. On the contrary, it’s surprisingly common and up there with credit card fraud as one of the top motivations behind cyber crime. Duplicating someone’s identity can be done with minimal data. Email addresses, bank accounts or credit cards may be opened with basic details such as a name, address and date of birth. Criminals can then use this to access money or benefits in your name. This could damage your credit score and your chances of gaining approval for mortgages or other forms of credit.

### To Target your Friends or Employers

Spear phishing, or carefully targeted attacks, see cyber criminals break into your accounts and gather details on the people you know or the company you work for. They can then use this to pose as you and solicit more information from their targets. One click on a malicious link or a seemingly innocent comment could give a criminal all they need to compromise a friend, a loved-one or an entire business.

## What Can you do to Mitigate Risk?

To mark [World Password Day,](https://www.nicybersecuritycentre.gov.uk/world-password-day "nicybersecuritycentre.gov.uk") we partnered with [Professor Dresner](https://events.manchester.ac.uk/event/event:ctq-k1m4j1j0-cod3jy/fse-inaugural-lecture-series-department-of-computer-science-prof-daniel-dresner "Professor Dresner") to offer tips on how to create strong passwords you’re more likely to remember.

## How to Create Strong Passwords and Remember Them

*   **Don’t complicate it** - We all know the advice to create passwords with combinations of special characters, upper and lower case letters and numbers, etc. Thankfully, this is no longer considered best practice. Instead, the National Cyber Security Centre recommends using [the ‘three random words’ method](https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/the-logic-behind-three-random-words "www.ncsc.gov.uk"). A password comprising random words unrelated to you or your life is likely harder to crack and easier to remember. Whether a website’s password complexity requirements will allow you to do this is another story, explains Professor Dresner. “Don’t blame the customers and employees. Blame the people who expect us to use systems that are not only unintuitive but actively deny us the opportunity to follow the science of good passwords.”
*   **Adopt a password creation convention** - Echoing the three random words method, adopting  a convention could help you create secure and memorable passwords. Examples include the [Bruce Schneier method](https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2014/03/choosing_secure_1.html "schneier.com"), or the [person-action-object (PAO) memory method](https://artofmemory.com/blog/pao-system/ "artofmemory.com"). 
*   **Consider using a password manager** - Uptake of password managers was initially slow, but they are becoming increasingly popular as they prove their worth. They work by storing multiple usernames and passwords in one place and pre-populating the fields on a login screen. They can also generate and store random passwords for you. Examples include [Keeper Security](https://www.keepersecurity.com/ "keepersecurity.com"), [Dashlane](https://www.dashlane.com/ "dashlane.com"), [1Password](https://1password.com/ "1password.com") and [Nord Pass](https://nordpass.com/ "nordpass.com").
*   **Two-factor and multifactor authentication** - While many people see extra steps to login as inconvenient, data shows that it can significantly boost security. [According to Microsoft](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-entra-azure-ad-blog/your-pa-word-doesn-t-matter/ba-p/731984 "techcommunity.microsoft.com"), your account is more than 99.9% less likely to be compromised if you use multi-factor authentication. Many websites give you the option of switching this on or off when you register. You also don’t have to use it every time you log in. Typically it kicks in again after periods of inactivity or when logging in using a new device. 

## Great Password Resources

Taking the above on board will definitely improve your password security. But twinning this with ongoing awareness is even better. 

Here are some great tools for keeping password security front-of-mind in the long-term. 

*   Find out if your data has been breached and in which major incidents at [Have I been Pwned?](https://haveibeenpwned.com/ "haveibeenpwned.com")
*   Hold yourself accountable for password security by taking the [Password Pledge](https://www.nicybersecuritycentre.gov.uk/world-password-day#toc-0 "nicybersecuritycentre.gov.uk") and spreading the word by sharing.
*   For IT professionals and system owners, the National Cyber Security Centre offers [this excellent guide](https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/collection/passwords "ncsc.gov.uk") to creating password strategies.

## Perfect Your Backup Plan

If this post has got you wondering how you can better protect your most valuable data, from documents and music libraries to photographs and PDFs, download a free trial of Macrium Reflect [for home users here](/products/home "Macrium Reflect Home") and [business users here](/products/business/standalone/workstation "Macrium Reflect Workstation"). 

![A headshot of Professor Daniel Dresner of the University of Manchester, wearing a dark green suit, bowtie and glasses.](https://strapistoragemacrium.blob.core.windows.net/strapi-uploads/uploads/professor_daniel_dresner_a0f9690081.png)

## About Professor Daniel Dresner

Daniel is the first Professor of Cyber Security at [the University of Manchester](https://www.manchester.ac.uk/ "manchester.ac.uk"), which he joined after 22 years with The National Computing Centre. He takes a diverse community-based approach to cyber security and runs exercises to help people learn how to cope with the risk of online harms. 

He is a founder of the [IASME Consortium](https://iasme.co.uk/about/ "iasme.co.uk"), where he applied his work in standards development to champion cyber security for SMEs. 

He is a vocal advocate of the local cyber ecosystem and furthers the opportunities cyber security offers innovation and growth as part of the [Greater Manchester Cyber Foundry](https://gmcyberfoundry.ac.uk/ "gmcyberfoundry.ac.uk") and the [DiSH – Digital Security Hub](https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/what-we-do/digital/global-digital-influencer/greater-manchester-cyber-ecosystem/greater-manchester-digital-security-hub-dish/ "greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk") in Manchester City Centre.

Daniel has regularly lectured about risk and cyber defence to cohorts from India and the Western Balkans at the [Defence Academy of the United Kingdom](https://www.da.mod.uk/ "da.mod.uk") for the Chevening Programme. Daniel also revived The Ratio Club thought leadership group for cybernetics – which included Alan Turing – as part of his research work promoting the balance between people and technology.

He contributes to books and conferences and appears on the BBC explaining cyber security to the wider community. He is a Fellow and Founder member of the [Chartered Institute of Information Security](https://www.ciisec.org/ "ciisec.org"). Daniel was voted one of the top 20 cyber security influencers worldwide 2018-2021 and Best Educator at the [Security Serious Awards 2022](https://www.securityserious.com/ "securityserious.com").

[LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/danny-dresner-fciis-6382381/ "linkedin.com")    [Twitter](https://twitter.com/DanielGDresner "twitter.com")



Macrium-Blog-World-Password-Day-2023-Graphic-5000px.png

Using passwords is a flawed system. But until something better comes along, it’s a good idea to level up your password game. To mark World Password Day, we chatted with Manchester professor Danny Dresner FCIIS to bring you practical tips on creating secure and memorable passwords.

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